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class="ly_NyNewsdetail"> <h1 class="NyNewsdetail_title">一文帶你了解什么是化學(xué)鍍</h1> <div id="skwhlipu" class="NyNewsdetail_tips">更新時間：2022-11-27 點(diǎn)擊次數(shù)：2848</div> <div id="skwhlipu" class="NyNewsdetail_con"> <div> 化學(xué)鍍又稱為無電解鍍（Electroless plating），也可以稱為自催化電鍍（Autocatalytic plating）。具體過程是指：在一定條件下，水溶液中的金屬離子被還原劑還原，并且沉淀到固態(tài)基體表面上的過程。ASTM B374（ASTM，美國材料與試驗協(xié)會）中定義為Autocatalytic plating is“deposition of a metallic coating by a controlled chemical reduction that is catalyzed by the metal or alloy being deposited”。這一過程與置換鍍不同，其鍍層是可以不斷增厚的，且施鍍金屬本身也具有催化能力。</div><div>　　不用外來電流，借氧化還原作用在金屬制件的表面上沉積一層鎳的方法。用于提高抗蝕性和耐磨性，增加光澤和美觀。適合于管狀或外形復(fù)雜的小零件的光亮鍍鎳，不必再經(jīng)拋光。一般將被鍍制件浸入以硫酸鎳、乙酸鈉和硼酸所配成的混合溶液內(nèi)，在一定酸度和溫度下發(fā)生變化，溶液中的鎳離子被鈉還原為原子而沉積于制件表面上，形成細(xì)致光亮的鎳鍍層。鋼鐵制件可直接鍍鎳。錫、銅和銅合金制件要先用鋁片接觸于其表面上1-3分鐘，以加速化學(xué)鍍鎳。</div><div>　　化學(xué)鍍就是在不通電的情況下，利用氧化還原反應(yīng)在具有催化表面的鍍件上，獲得金屬合金的方法。它是新近發(fā)展起來的一門新技術(shù)。</div><div>　　傳統(tǒng)上，化學(xué)鍍作為一種表面處理方法應(yīng)歸屬于電鍍，是電鍍的一個鍍種。但化學(xué)鍍不同于電鍍，主要是因為化學(xué)鍍不需要外加電源，而且操作方法與不同于電鍍，其特點(diǎn)如下：</div><div>　?、佩儗雍穸染鶆颍瘜W(xué)鍍液的分散程度接近100%?；瘜W(xué)鍍本身是一個自催化的氧化還原過程，只要催化基體與溶液接觸到就可以施鍍，幾乎是基體形狀的一個復(fù)制，達(dá)到仿形的程度，不會像電鍍一樣，出現(xiàn)由于電力線分布不均勻而引起的鍍層厚度不均的現(xiàn)象。</div><div>　?、苹瘜W(xué)鍍不僅可以在金屬表面施鍍，通過特殊的活化、敏化處理，也可以在非金屬表面上進(jìn)行。</div><div>　　⑶化學(xué)鍍設(shè)備簡單，不需要電源及陽極，只要在溫度、pH值工藝參數(shù)合理的條件下，把待鍍零件浸入在鍍液中即可。</div><div>　?、然瘜W(xué)鍍的結(jié)合力、防腐性能都優(yōu)于電鍍。某些化學(xué)鍍層還有特殊的物理化學(xué)性能。</div><div>　?、捎捕雀?，耐磨性好，化學(xué)鍍鎳層熱處理后硬度達(dá)Hv1100，工模具鍍鎳后一般壽命提高3倍以上。</div><div>　?、誓透g強(qiáng)，化學(xué)鍍鎳層在酸、堿、鹽、氨和海水等介質(zhì)中都具有很好的耐腐蝕性，其耐腐蝕性勝于不銹鋼。</div> 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